Aprender técnicas de almacenamiento en caché en React

Cómo utilizar la memorización, los contextos, useMemo, useState y useEffect

Para futuros alumnos del curso "React.js Developer" hemos preparado una traducción del material. También invitamos a todos al seminario web abierto “ReactJS: Quick Start. Ventajas y desventajas".

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React — . — . , , .

. useMemo



memoization



? useState



context



? , . .

GIF-. ?

!

, , , () . , API, :

export default function handler(req, res) {
  setTimeout(
    () =>
      res.status(200).json({
        randomNumber: Math.round(Math.random() * 10000),
        people: [
          { name: "John Doe" },
          { name: "Olive Yew" },
          { name: "Allie Grater" },
        ],
      }),
    750
  );
}
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
        
        
        
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
    

, /api/people . , :

• randomNumber
  
  
  
  : 0-10000.

  
  
  
  
  

• people
  
  
  
  : .

  
  
  
  
  

randomNumber



, . . .

, setTimeout



.

People

API, PeopleRenderer.  :

, .

.              .             .

useEffect

- useEffect Hook . ( ), useState :

import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
import PeopleRenderer from "../PeopleRenderer";

export default function PeopleUseEffect() {
  const [json, setJson] = useState(null);

  useEffect(() => {
    fetch("/api/people")
      .then((response) => response.json())
      .then((data) => setJson(data));
  }, []);

  return <PeopleRenderer json={json} />;
}
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
        
        
        
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
    

(. 11), useEffect



 Hook (-) , DOM (Document Object Model) — . , .   " " Hook ().

useEffect



, DOM, ( ):

. , , . . .

.              .             .

Memoization () 

Memoization — . , , , ,   .

memoized ( , ). , :

const MyMemoizedFunction = (age) => {
  if(cache.hasKey(age)) {
    return cache.get(age);
  }
  const value = `You are ${age} years old!`;
  cache.set(age, value);
  return value;
}
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
        
        
        
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
    

, , Lodash Underscore, , memoized :

import memoize from "lodash.memoize";

const MyFunction = (age) => {
  return `You are ${age} years old!`;
}
const MyMemoizedFunction = memoize(MyFunction);
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
        
        
        
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
    

memoization

. getData



, Promise



, . (memoize) Promise



:

import memoize from "lodash.memoize";

const getData = () =>
  new Promise((resolve) => {
    fetch("http://localhost:3000/api/people")
      .then((response) => response.json())
      .then((data) => resolve(data));
  });

export default memoize(getData);
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
        
        
        
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
    

, . , (memoization) ( (memoized) Promise



, ).

 useEffect



Hook , :

import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
import getData from "./getData";
import PeopleRenderer from "../PeopleRenderer";

export default function PeopleMemoize() {
  const [json, setJson] = useState(null);

  useEffect(() => {
    getData().then((data) => setJson(data));
  }, []);

  return <PeopleRenderer json={json} />;
}
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
        
        
        
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
    

getData (memoized), , :

, , memoize.tsx



( , ). , getData



, , Promise .

, () , Cache cache (memoized) :

getData.cache = new memoize.Cache();
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
        
        
        
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
    

, ( Map):

getData.cache.clear();
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
        
        
        
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
    

Lodash. . :

.              .             .

React Context (React )

( ) React Context. , , , Redux. . 

Mark Erikson , . .

, :

Context ()? . - , , , useState



Hook . Context Provider , () .

. -, :

import { createContext } from "react";

export const PeopleContext = createContext(null);
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
        
        
        
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
    

(wrap) , (renders) People, Context Provider:

export default function Context() {
  const [json, setJson] = useState(null);

  useEffect(() => {
    fetch("/api/people")
      .then((response) => response.json())
      .then((data) => setJson(data));
  }, []);

  return (
    <PeopleContext.Provider value={{ json }}>
        ...
    </PeopleContext.Provider>
  );
}
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
        
        
        
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
    

12- , . - , , () People:

import { useContext } from "react";
import PeopleRenderer from "../PeopleRenderer";
import { PeopleContext } from "./context";

export default function PeopleWithContext() {
  const { json } = useContext(PeopleContext);

  return <PeopleRenderer json={json} />;
}
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
        
        
        
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
    

Provider useContext Hook. :

! "Set new seed". , Context Provider, . ( 750 ) Provider, People . , .

(memoization), . (memoized) useState. , , , . Provider .

.              .             .

useMemo

, , useMemo. Hook , , , : . useMemo



— , , (prop-drilling) ((dependency injection) (, React Context)).

useMemo



. . , , :

export default function Memo() {
  const getRnd = () => Math.round(Math.random() * 10000);

  const [age, setAge] = useState(24);
  const [randomNumber, setRandomNumber] = useState(getRnd());

  const pow = useMemo(() => Math.pow(age, 2) + getRnd(), [age]);

  return (
    ...
  );
}
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
        
        
        
      
      

        
        
        
      

    
    

• getRnd
  
  
  
  ( 2): , 0-10000.

  
  
  
  
  

• age
  
  
  
  ( 4): , useState
  
  
  
  .

  
  
  
  
  

• randomNumber
  
  
  
  ( 5): useState
  
  
  
  .

  
  
  
  
  

, , useMemo 7- . (memoize) , pow. , age, , . age, useMemo



.

. (re-rendered) age , useMemo



(memoized) .

pow , , , (re-rendered) .

, . -, randomNumber age. , useMemo



( pow (re-rendered) . , “randomNumer”



, (re-rendered) :

, age



, pow



(re-rendered), useMemo



age



:

.              .             .

JavaScript. , , , .

, , GitLab.

, !

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