Si no tiene tiempo para leer o si conoce la información, el código final para obtener una imagen a tamaño completo de la cámara de un teléfono inteligente Android se encuentra al final del artículo.
Descripción del problema
Si está escribiendo una aplicación multiplataforma, puede usar la clase QCamera para obtener una imagen de una cámara de PC , un ejemplo para lo cual se describe en la documentación de Qt.
De acuerdo con el ejemplo anterior, agregamos al archivo .pro
QT += multimedia multimediawidgets
A continuación, creamos un widget en nuestro programa que muestra una imagen de una cámara web y la guarda en un QPixmap o QImage para uso futuro.
Cuando surge la tarea de hacer lo mismo en Android, resulta que los widgets multimedia no son compatibles con este SO y la cámara tomará y guardará fotos, pero lo que muestre en este momento será un misterio, ya que QCameraViewfinder usa widgets multimedia y no lo hace. mostrar en Android nada. La búsqueda adicional de una solución al problema conduce a dos soluciones:
use QML y escriba su propio Qt Quick-element que realice esta función, luego acóplelo con el resto de la aplicación en Qt Widgets , C ++;
use la aplicación de teléfono inteligente Android predeterminada para recibir una foto, luego procesela en su aplicación.
Considere la primera opción
Si usted es un programador en C ++ de Qt Widgets , entonces la próxima profundización episódica en QML le llevará tiempo, agregue a este tiempo para escribir un elemento Qt Quick , acople este elemento con código C ++, depure el código escrito. Si no eres un profesional en QML resulta largo y difícil.
Considere la segunda opción
Android- -, , , Java- (JNI — Java Native Interface) ++ QtAndroid. . , , , Android .
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android {
QT +=androidextras
}
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(.h) :
#ifndef CAMSHOT_H
#define CAMSHOT_H
#include <QObject>
#include <QString>
#include <cstring>
#include <QImage>
#include <QDebug>
#include <QtAndroid>
#include <QAndroidActivityResultReceiver>
#include <QAndroidParcel>
class CamShot : public QObject, public QAndroidActivityResultReceiver
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
CamShot(QObject *parent = nullptr):QObject(parent),QAndroidActivityResultReceiver(){}
static const int RESULT_OK = -1;
static const int REQUEST_IMAGE_CAPTURE = 1;
static const int REQUEST_TAKE_PHOTO = REQUEST_IMAGE_CAPTURE;
void handleActivityResult(int receiverRequestCode, int resultCode, const QAndroidJniObject &data) override;
static QImage camThumbnailToQImage(const QAndroidJniObject &data);
public slots:
void aMakeShot();
signals:
void createNew(const QImage &img);
};
#endif // CAMSHOT_H
(.cpp) :
QImage CamShot::camThumbnailToQImage(const QAndroidJniObject &data){
QAndroidJniObject bundle = data.callObjectMethod("getExtras","()Landroid/os/Bundle;");
qDebug()<<"bundle.isValid() "<<bundle.isValid()<<bundle.toString();
QAndroidJniObject bundleKey = QAndroidJniObject::fromString("data");
const QAndroidJniObject aBitmap (data.callObjectMethod("getParcelableExtra", "(Ljava/lang/String;)Landroid/os/Parcelable;", bundleKey.object<jstring>()));
qDebug()<<"aBitmap.isValid() "<<aBitmap.isValid()<<aBitmap.toString();
jint aBitmapWidth = aBitmap.callMethod<jint>("getWidth");
jint aBitmapHeight = aBitmap.callMethod<jint>("getHeight");
QAndroidJniEnvironment env;
const int32_t aBitmapPixelsCount = aBitmapWidth * aBitmapHeight;
jintArray pixels = env->NewIntArray(aBitmapPixelsCount);
jint aBitmapOffset = 0;
jint aBitmapStride = aBitmapWidth;
jint aBitmapX = 0;
jint aBitmapY = 0;
aBitmap.callMethod<void>("getPixels","([IIIIIII)V", pixels, aBitmapOffset, aBitmapStride, aBitmapX, aBitmapY, aBitmapWidth, aBitmapHeight);
jint *pPixels = env->GetIntArrayElements(pixels, nullptr);
QImage img(aBitmapWidth, aBitmapHeight, QImage::Format_ARGB32);
int lineSzB = aBitmapWidth * sizeof(jint);
for (int i = 0; i < aBitmapHeight; ++i){
uchar *pDst = img.scanLine(i);
const uchar *pSrc = reinterpret_cast<const uchar*>(pPixels + aBitmapWidth * i + aBitmapWidth);
memcpy(pDst, pSrc, lineSzB);
}
env->DeleteLocalRef(pixels); //env->ReleaseIntArrayElements(pixels, pPixels, 0); , , DeleteLocalRef.
return img;
}
void CamShot::aMakeShot() {
QAndroidJniObject action = QandroidJniObject::fromString("android.media.action.IMAGE_CAPTURE");
// Java- ( ), (- "/"), "android/content/Intent", "java/lang/String".
// Java-, "L" ";" , "Landroid/content/Intent ;", "Ljava/lang/String;".
// , , "V" (void) "[IIIIIII" ( jint, 6 jint )
//, :
QAndroidJniObject intent=QAndroidJniObject("android/content/Intent","(Ljava/lang/String;)V", action.object<jstring>());
QtAndroid::startActivity(intent, REQUEST_IMAGE_CAPTURE, this);
}
void CamShot::handleActivityResult(int receiverRequestCode, int resultCode, const QAndroidJniObject &data){
if ( receiverRequestCode == REQUEST_IMAGE_CAPTURE && resultCode == RESULT_OK )
{
const QImage thumbnail (camThumbnailToQImage(data));
if (!thumbnail.isNull())
emit createNew(thumbnail);
}
}
JNI-
Java- ( Java-), (- "/"), "android/content/Intent", "java/lang/String";
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:
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Signature
uint8_t/unsigned char
jboolean
bool
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int8_t/char/signed char
jbyte
byte
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uint16_t/unsigned short
jchar
char
C
int16_t/short
jshort
short
S
int32_t/int/(long)
jint
int
I
int64_t/(long)/long long
jlong
long
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float
jfloat
float
F
double
jdouble
double
D
void
void
V
:
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Java
Signature
jbooleanArray
bool[]
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jbyteArray
byte[]
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jcharArray
char[]
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jshortArray
short[]
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jintArray
int[]
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jlongArray
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jfloatArray
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jdoubleArray
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jarray
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jarray
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, JNI- QAndroidJniEnvironment, : NewIntArray, GetIntArrayElements, DeleteLocalRef GetArrayLength,GetObjectArrayElement, SetObjectArrayElement, ..
(pdf) Practical Qt on Android JNI — qtcon.
class CamShot :
, Android ( Java-);
void handleActivityResult(int receiverRequestCode, int resultCode, const QAndroidJniObject &data) override;
Java- Intent ;
static QImage camThumbnailToQImage(const QAndroidJniObject &data);
Java- Intent Java- Bitmap, (32- ) QImage;
void aMakeShot();
;
void createNew(const QImage &img);
.
void aMakeShot() Java- Intent , , — . (Intent) (Activity).
- . , handleActivityResult, : . , camThumbnailToQImage QImage Java- Bitmap Qt.
static QImage camThumbnailToQImage(const QAndroidJniObject &data) override;
Java- Intent Java- Bundle, Intent:
Bundle getExtras()
Bundle <->:<>. Android , . "data".
Java- Bitmap , Intent:
T getParcelableExtra (String name)
C Bitmap QImage , . . Bitmap . ( ) QImage .
Bitmap QImage Bitmap:
void getPixels (int[] pixels, int offset, int stride, int x, int y, int width, int height)
jintArray pixels = env->NewIntArray(aBitmapPixelsCount);
, , , C++ :
jint *pPixels = env->GetIntArrayElements(pixels, nullptr);
Qimage. ,
env->DeleteLocalRef(pixels);
QImage.
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FileProvider, Uri . , Android, , :
androidx.core.content.FileProvider;
android.support.v4.content.FileProvider.
— , Qt, QtCreator:
()→ «» → «» → «»→ «Android»→ «SDK Manager»→ «» → «Extras»→ «Android Support Repository» - «» .
Android
QtCreator «». « »→ «». «Build Android APK» → «Create Templates». « Gradle Android», «»:
«android», .
Android
- Android, .pro android: :
android { QT +=androidextras } # … DISTFILES += \ android: android/AndroidManifest.xml \ android: android/build.gradle \ android: android/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar \ android: android/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties \ android: android/gradlew \ android: android/gradlew.bat \ android: android/res/values/libs.xml \ todo.txt
AndroidManifest.xml
«AndroidManifest.xml» android/AndroidManifest.xml,
</activity>
<!-- For adding service(s) please check: https://wiki.qt.io/AndroidServices ->
:
<provider android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider" android:authorities="org.qtproject.example.qsketch.fileprovider" android:grantUriPermissions="true" android:exported="false">
<meta-data android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS" android:resource="@xml/file_paths"/>
</provider>
, - .
, «AndroidManifest.xml» «res» «values», «xml», «file_paths.xml» (… /abin/AndroidManifest.xml) (… /abin/res/xml/file_paths.xml). :
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<external-files-path name="shared" path="shared/" />
</paths>
shared/
, FileProvider
android/build.gradle, dependencies :
compile'com.android.support:support-v4:25.3.1'
:
dependencies { implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar', '*.aar']) compile'com.android.support:support-v4:25.3.1' }
, Android Support Repository.
Sharing Files on Android or iOS from or with your Qt App - Part 4 .
(.h) :
#ifndef CAMSHOT_H
#define CAMSHOT_H
#include <QObject>
#include <QImage>
#include <QString>
#include <QDebug>
#include <QtAndroid>
#include <QAndroidActivityResultReceiver>
#include <QAndroidParcel>
#include "auxfunc.h"
class CamShot : public QObject, public QAndroidActivityResultReceiver
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
static const int RESULT_OK = -1;
static const int REQUEST_IMAGE_CAPTURE = 1;
static const int REQUEST_TAKE_PHOTO = REQUEST_IMAGE_CAPTURE;
enum ImgOrientation {ORIENTATION_UNDEFINED = 0, ORIENTATION_NORMAL = 1, ORIENTATION_FLIP_HORIZONTAL = 2, ORIENTATION_ROTATE_180 = 3, ORIENTATION_FLIP_VERTICAL = 4, ORIENTATION_TRANSPOSE = 5,
ORIENTATION_ROTATE_90 = 6, ORIENTATION_TRANSVERSE = 7, ORIENTATION_ROTATE_270 = 8};
void handleActivityResult(int receiverRequestCode, int resultCode, const QAndroidJniObject &data) override;
static QImage aBitmapToQImage(const QAndroidJniObject &aBitmap);
static QImage camThumbnailToQImage(const QAndroidJniObject &data);
ImgOrientation needRotateAtRightAngle();
QImage camImageToQImage();
static void applyOrientation(QImage &img, const ImgOrientation &orientation);
explicit CamShot(QObject *parent = nullptr):QObject(parent),QAndroidActivityResultReceiver(){}
~CamShot();
private:
QAndroidJniObject tempImgURI;
QAndroidJniObject tempImgFile;
QAndroidJniObject tempImgAbsPath;
bool _thumbnailNotFullScaleRequested;
public slots:
void aMakeShot(const bool &thumbnailNotFullScale = false);
signals:
void createNew(const QImage &img);
};
#endif // CAMSHOT_H
(.cpp) :
QImage CamShot::aBitmapToQImage(const QAndroidJniObject &aBitmap){
if (!aBitmap.isValid())
return QImage();
jint aBitmapWidth = aBitmap.callMethod<jint>("getWidth");
jint aBitmapHeight = aBitmap.callMethod<jint>("getHeight");
QAndroidJniEnvironment env;
const int32_t aBitmapPixelsCount = aBitmapWidth * aBitmapHeight;
jintArray pixels = env->NewIntArray(aBitmapPixelsCount);
jint aBitmapOffset = 0;
jint aBitmapStride = aBitmapWidth;
jint aBitmapX = 0;
jint aBitmapY = 0;
aBitmap.callMethod<void>("getPixels","([IIIIIII)V", pixels, aBitmapOffset, aBitmapStride, aBitmapX, aBitmapY, aBitmapWidth, aBitmapHeight);
jint *pPixels = env->GetIntArrayElements(pixels, nullptr);
QImage img(aBitmapWidth, aBitmapHeight, QImage::Format_ARGB32);
int lineSzB = aBitmapWidth * sizeof(jint);
for (int i = 0; i < aBitmapHeight; ++i){
uchar *pDst = img.scanLine(i);
const uchar *pSrc = reinterpret_cast<const uchar*>(pPixels + aBitmapWidth * i + aBitmapWidth);
memcpy(pDst, pSrc, lineSzB);
}
env->DeleteLocalRef(pixels); //env->ReleaseIntArrayElements(pixels, pPixels, 0); , , DeleteLocalRef.
return img;
}
QImage CamShot::camThumbnailToQImage(const QAndroidJniObject &data){
//
QAndroidJniObject bundle = data.callObjectMethod("getExtras","()Landroid/os/Bundle;");
qDebug()<<"bundle.isValid() "<<bundle.isValid()<<bundle.toString();
// jstring ( Java) "data" - <, > - Bitmap (Java)
QAndroidJniObject bundleKey = QAndroidJniObject::fromString("data");
// "data" : Bitmap
const QAndroidJniObject aBitmap (data.callObjectMethod("getParcelableExtra", "(Ljava/lang/String;)Landroid/os/Parcelable;", bundleKey.object<jstring>()));
qDebug()<<"aBitmap.isValid() "<<aBitmap.isValid()<<aBitmap.toString();
return aBitmapToQImage(aBitmap);
}
QImage CamShot::camImageToQImage(){
QAndroidJniObject bitmap = QAndroidJniObject::callStaticObjectMethod("android/graphics/BitmapFactory","decodeFile","(Ljava/lang/String;)Landroid/graphics/Bitmap;",tempImgAbsPath.object<jobject>());
qDebug()<<"bitmap.isValid() "<<bitmap.isValid()<<bitmap.toString();
QImage img = aBitmapToQImage(bitmap);
//
if (tempImgFile.isValid())
tempImgFile.callMethod<jboolean>("delete");
return img;
}
CamShot::ImgOrientation CamShot::needRotateAtRightAngle(){
//
QAndroidJniObject exifInterface = QAndroidJniObject("android/media/ExifInterface","(Ljava/lang/String;)V",
tempImgAbsPath.object<jstring>());
qDebug() << __FUNCTION__ << "exifInterface.isValid()=" << exifInterface.isValid();
QAndroidJniObject TAG_ORIENTATION = QAndroidJniObject::getStaticObjectField<jstring>("android/media/ExifInterface", "TAG_ORIENTATION");
qDebug() << __FUNCTION__ << "TAG_ORIENTATION.isValid()=" << TAG_ORIENTATION.isValid()<<TAG_ORIENTATION.toString();
const jint orientation = exifInterface.callMethod<jint>("getAttributeInt","(Ljava/lang/String;I)I",TAG_ORIENTATION.object<jstring>(),static_cast<jint>(ORIENTATION_UNDEFINED));
return static_cast<ImgOrientation>(orientation);
}
void CamShot::applyOrientation(QImage &img, const ImgOrientation &orientation){
switch (orientation){
case ORIENTATION_UNDEFINED:
case ORIENTATION_NORMAL:
break;
case ORIENTATION_FLIP_HORIZONTAL:{
img = img.mirrored(true, false);
break;
}
case ORIENTATION_ROTATE_180:
Aux::rotateImgCW180(img);
break;
case ORIENTATION_FLIP_VERTICAL:{
img = img.mirrored(false, true);
break;
}
case ORIENTATION_TRANSPOSE:{
img = img.mirrored(true, false);
Aux::rotateImgCW270(img);
break;
}
case ORIENTATION_ROTATE_90:
Aux::rotateImgCW90(img);
break;
case ORIENTATION_TRANSVERSE:{
img = img.mirrored(true, false);
Aux::rotateImgCW90(img);
break;
}
break;
case ORIENTATION_ROTATE_270:
Aux::rotateImgCW270(img);
break;
}
}
void CamShot::handleActivityResult(int receiverRequestCode, int resultCode, const QAndroidJniObject &data){
if ( receiverRequestCode == REQUEST_IMAGE_CAPTURE && resultCode == RESULT_OK )
{
if (_thumbnailNotFullScaleRequested){
const QImage thumbnail (camThumbnailToQImage(data));
if (!thumbnail.isNull())
emit createNew(thumbnail);
return;
}
const ImgOrientation orientation = needRotateAtRightAngle();
QImage image (camImageToQImage());
if (!image.isNull()){
applyOrientation(image, orientation);
emit createNew(image);
}
}
}
void CamShot::aMakeShot(const bool &thumbnailNotFullScale) {
QAndroidJniObject action = QAndroidJniObject::fromString("android.media.action.IMAGE_CAPTURE");
//
QAndroidJniObject intent=QAndroidJniObject("android/content/Intent","(Ljava/lang/String;)V",
action.object<jstring>());
qDebug() << __FUNCTION__ << "intent.isValid()=" << intent.isValid();
_thumbnailNotFullScaleRequested = thumbnailNotFullScale;
if (thumbnailNotFullScale) {
//
QtAndroid::startActivity(intent, REQUEST_IMAGE_CAPTURE, this);
return;
}
//
QAndroidJniObject context = QtAndroid::androidContext();
QString contextStr (context.toString());
qDebug() <<"Context: "<<contextStr;
//
QAndroidJniObject extDir = context.callObjectMethod("getExternalFilesDir", "(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/io/File;", NULL);
qDebug() << __FUNCTION__ << "extDir.isValid()=" << extDir.isValid()<<extDir.toString();
//
QAndroidJniObject extDirAbsPath = extDir.callObjectMethod("getAbsolutePath","()Ljava/lang/String;");
// . . /res/xml/file_paths.xml
extDirAbsPath = QAndroidJniObject::fromString(extDirAbsPath.toString() + "/shared");
const QString extDirAbsPathStr = extDirAbsPath.toString();
qDebug() << __FUNCTION__ << "extDirAbsPath.isValid()=" << extDirAbsPath.isValid()<<extDirAbsPathStr;
//
QAndroidJniObject sharedFolder=QAndroidJniObject("java.io.File","(Ljava/lang/String;)V",
extDirAbsPath.object<jstring>());
qDebug() << __FUNCTION__ << "sharedFolder.isValid()=" << sharedFolder.isValid()<<sharedFolder.toString();
const jboolean sharedFolderCreated = sharedFolder.callMethod<jboolean>("mkdirs");
Q_UNUSED(sharedFolderCreated);
// ,
//
QAndroidJniObject suggestedFilePath = QAndroidJniObject::fromString(extDirAbsPathStr+"/"+"_tmp.jpg");
qDebug() << __FUNCTION__ << "suggestedFilePath.isValid()=" << suggestedFilePath.isValid()<<suggestedFilePath.toString();
//
//
QAndroidJniObject tempImgFile=QAndroidJniObject("java.io.File","(Ljava/lang/String;)V",
suggestedFilePath.object<jstring>());
qDebug() << __FUNCTION__ << "fileExistsCheck.isValid()=" << tempImgFile.isValid()<<tempImgFile.toString();
// ,
if (tempImgFile.isValid()){
const jboolean deleted = tempImgFile.callMethod<jboolean>("delete");
Q_UNUSED(deleted);
}
//
const jboolean fileCreated = tempImgFile.callMethod<jboolean>("createNewFile");
Q_UNUSED(fileCreated);
//
tempImgAbsPath = tempImgFile.callObjectMethod("getAbsolutePath","()Ljava/lang/String;");
qDebug() << __FUNCTION__ << "tempImgAbsPath.isValid()=" << tempImgAbsPath.isValid()<<tempImgAbsPath.toString();
// authority fileprovider
const QString contextFileProviderStr ("org.qtproject.example.qsketch.fileprovider");
const char androidFileProvider [] = "android/support/v4/content/FileProvider";
//const char androidxFileProvider [] = "androidx/core/content/FileProvider"; - Qt
/*QAndroidJniObject*/ tempImgURI = QAndroidJniObject::callStaticObjectMethod(androidFileProvider, "getUriForFile", "(Landroid/content/Context;Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/io/File;)Landroid/net/Uri;",
context.object<jobject>(), QAndroidJniObject::fromString(contextFileProviderStr).object<jstring>(), tempImgFile.object<jobject>());
qDebug() << __FUNCTION__ << "tempImgURI.isValid()=" << tempImgURI.isValid()<<tempImgURI.toString();
// MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT
QAndroidJniObject MediaStore__EXTRA_OUTPUT
= QAndroidJniObject::getStaticObjectField("android/provider/MediaStore", "EXTRA_OUTPUT", "Ljava/lang/String;");
qDebug() << "MediaStore__EXTRA_OUTPUT.isValid()=" << MediaStore__EXTRA_OUTPUT.isValid();
// URI
intent.callObjectMethod("putExtra","(Ljava/lang/String;Landroid/os/Parcelable;)Landroid/content/Intent;",MediaStore__EXTRA_OUTPUT.object<jstring>(), tempImgURI.object<jobject>());
qDebug() << __FUNCTION__ << "intent.isValid()=" << intent.isValid();
QtAndroid::startActivity(intent, REQUEST_IMAGE_CAPTURE, this);
}
- Aux .
(.h) Aux :
#ifndef AUXFUNC_H
#define AUXFUNC_H
#include <QImage>
#include <QColor>
#include <QPainter>
#include <QMatrix>
#include <QSize>
#include <QPoint>
class Aux
{
public:
static void resizeCenteredImg(QImage *image, const QSize &newSize, const QColor bgColor);
static void rotateImg(QImage &img, qreal degrees);
static void rotateImgCW90(QImage &img);
static void rotateImgCW180(QImage &img);
static void rotateImgCW270(QImage &img);
};
#endif // AUXFUNC_H
(.cpp) Aux :
void Aux::resizeCenteredImg(QImage *image, const QSize &newSize, const QColor bgColor){
if (image->size() == newSize)
return;
const QSize szDiff = newSize - image->size();
QImage newImage(newSize, QImage::Format_ARGB32);
newImage.fill(bgColor);
QPainter painter(&newImage);
painter.drawImage(QPoint(szDiff.width()/2, szDiff.height()/2), *image);
*image = newImage;
}
void Aux::rotateImg(QImage &img, qreal degrees){
QPoint center = img.rect().center();
QMatrix matrix;
matrix.translate(center.x(), center.y());
matrix.rotate(degrees);
img = img.transformed(matrix, Qt::SmoothTransformation);
}
void Aux::rotateImgCW90(QImage &img){
const int w = img.width();
const int h = img.height();
const int maxDim = std::max(w, h);
resizeCenteredImg(&img, QSize(maxDim, maxDim), Qt::white);
rotateImg(img, 90);
resizeCenteredImg(&img, QSize(h, w), Qt::white);
}
void Aux::rotateImgCW180(QImage &img){
rotateImg(img, 180);
}
void Aux::rotateImgCW270(QImage &img){
const int w = img.width();
const int h = img.height();
const int maxDim = std::max(w, h);
resizeCenteredImg(&img, QSize(maxDim, maxDim), Qt::white);
rotateImg(img, 270);
resizeCenteredImg(&img, QSize(h, w), Qt::white);
}
.
«thumbnailNotFullScale». , , , . JNI-.
Si la miniatura siempre está orientada correctamente, la imagen de tamaño completo se dirige en una dirección y debe girarse. La información sobre las transformaciones necesarias se puede obtener de las propiedades exif de la imagen utilizando ExifInterface . En los ejemplos de Java que se encuentran en Internet , la conversión a la orientación normal se realiza en código Java, en el caso de Qt no tiene sentido torturarse con llamadas JNI difíciles de depurar y engorrosas, y es más fácil realizar todas las transformaciones necesarias en Qt.