JavaFX: clase de controlador y fx: id en FXML



Me parece que muchos artículos útiles no están justificados, no solo no dedicas un par de palabras a la pregunta más candente cuando comienzas a trabajar con JavaFX, sino que también las dedicas, todavía no lo desvelan por completo. Y la pregunta surge de la siguiente manera: cómo comunicar sus nodos por su fx: id y su código. ¿Cómo los usa en diferentes partes de su código para hacer referencia a su API? Esto es lo que intentaré responder bajo el corte.



Que es fx: id y con que se come



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, "hello world":



<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<?import javafx.scene.layout.Pane?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.Button?>
<Pane xmlns="http://javafx.com/javafx/1.8.0.261" xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml/1" fx:controller="Main">
    <Button fx:id="fxButton" text="clickMe" onAction="#click"/>
</Pane>


public class Main extends Application {
    @FXML
    public Button fxButton;

    @Override
    public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception{
        Parent root = FXMLLoader.load(getClass().getResource("YourFXML.fxml"));
        primaryStage.setTitle("Hello World");
        primaryStage.setScene(new Scene(root, 300, 275));
        primaryStage.show();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch(args);
    }

    public void click(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
        System.out.println("Hello World");
        fxButton.setText("Hey!");
    }
}


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public class Main extends Application {
    @FXML
    public Button fxButton;

    @Override
    public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception{
        Parent root = FXMLLoader.load(getClass().getResource("YourFXML.fxml"));
        primaryStage.setTitle("Hello World");
        primaryStage.setScene(new Scene(root, 300, 275));
        primaryStage.show();
        //  ,      (  ):
        fxButton.addEventHandler(MouseEvent.MOUSE_CLICKED, mouseEvent -> System.out.println("Hello World"));
    }
}


IDE



Exception

Exception in Application start method

java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException

at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)

at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)

at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)

at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)

at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplicationWithArgs(LauncherImpl.java:389)

at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplication(LauncherImpl.java:328)

at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)

at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)

at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)

at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)

at sun.launcher.LauncherHelper$FXHelper.main(LauncherHelper.java:767)

Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Exception in Application start method

at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplication1(LauncherImpl.java:917)

at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.lambda$launchApplication$154(LauncherImpl.java:182)

at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException

at sample.Main.start(Main.java:25)


at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.lambda$launchApplication1$161(LauncherImpl.java:863)

at com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.lambda$runAndWait$174(PlatformImpl.java:326)

at com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.lambda$null$172(PlatformImpl.java:295)

at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)

at com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.lambda$runLater$173(PlatformImpl.java:294)

at com.sun.glass.ui.InvokeLaterDispatcher$Future.run(InvokeLaterDispatcher.java:95)

at com.sun.glass.ui.win.WinApplication._runLoop(Native Method)

at com.sun.glass.ui.win.WinApplication.lambda$null$147(WinApplication.java:177)

… 1 more

Exception running application sample.Main



Process finished with exit code 1



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FXML. .



<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.*?>
<?import javafx.scene.layout.*?>

<Pane xmlns="http://javafx.com/javafx/1.8.261" xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml/1" fx:controller="Controller">
    <VBox layoutX="14.0" prefHeight="50.0" prefWidth="50.0">
        <Button fx:id="fxButton" onAction="#click" text="clickMe" />
        <Label fx:id="labelFx" minHeight="17.0" minWidth="185.0" text="label" />
    </VBox>
</Pane>


Main. , , FXML



public class Main extends Application {

    @Override
    public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception{
        Parent root = FXMLLoader.load(getClass().getResource("YourFXML.fxml"));
        primaryStage.setTitle("Hello World");
        primaryStage.setScene(new Scene(root, 300, 275));
        primaryStage.show();
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch(args);
    }
}


Controller. FXML java .



public class Controller extends View implements Initializable {
    @FXML
    private Button fxButton;
    @FXML
    private Label labelFx;
    @FXML
    Label localLabel;
    @FXML
    public void click(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
        System.out.println("Hello World");
        fxButton.setText("Hey!");
        labelLocalInitialize();
    }

    private void labelLocalInitialize(){
        localLabel = labelFx;
        localLabel.setText("local variable control");
    }

    @Override
    public void initialize(URL location, ResourceBundle resources) {
        //      View  labelFx
        setViewLabelFxText("transfer of control in View \"labelFx\" variable");
        //  ,     ,    
        fxButton.addEventHandler(MouseEvent.MOUSE_CLICKED, mouseEvent -> System.out.println("Listener triggered"));
    }
}


View. , .



public class View {
    @FXML
    private Label labelFx;

    public void setViewLabelFxText(String text){
        labelFx.setText(text);
    }
}


View , fx:id.



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:



"Hello World", "Hey!", labelLocalInitialize(), labelFx. , labelFx .



:



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  • Main.java — , FXML. , .
  • Controller.java — , java FXML . , . fx:id, , .


En algún lugar arriba, dije que hay magia en javaFX. Comienza en la clase Ver. Parece, sería obvio si fuera posible heredar clases del controlador para trabajar con id, pero ocurre lo contrario ... Por qué se hace esto, no entré en detalles, aunque tengo curiosidad por qué es así. Si personas conocedoras abren el velo del secreto en los comentarios, estaré muy agradecido.




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