Town Crier vs DECO: Âżque orĂĄculo usar en la cadena de bloques?

Hoy en dĂ­a, solo los vagos no han escrito sobre la tecnologĂ­a blockchain, las criptomonedas y lo genial que es. Pero este artĂ­culo no elogiarĂĄ esta tecnologĂ­a, solo hablaremos sobre sus deficiencias y las formas de eliminarlas.





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Town Crier



Town Crier (TC) IC3 (The Initiative for CryptoCurrencies and Contracts) 2016 CCS’16. TC: - , , TC , . TC TEE (Trusted Execution Environment) . TC Intel SGX.

Town Crier — TC Server.



TC Contract front end TC. CU (- ) TC Server. TC Server Relay, ( ) . Enclave progencl, , , progencl - .



Intel SGX , API, ecall. Ecall . , , . , , ocall. Ocall . ocall .



Enclave secure channel -, TLS handshake . TLS (mbedTLS) HTTP- SGX. , Enclave root CA certificates ( ), . Request Handler datagram , Ethereum, . Ethereum, requested datagram, skTC Relay.



Relay Client Interface, TCP, Blockchain Interface. Client Interface . ecall timestamp, skTC att ( ), att Intel Attestation Service (IAS), timestamp time service. Blockchain Interface datagrams. Geth — Ethereum Relay RPC calls.



TEE, TC , 3 . 15 tx/sec, 20 65 tx/sec, , Bitcoin — 26 tx/sec.



DECO



DECO (Decentralized Oracles for TLS) CCS’20, , TLS . .

DECO c TLS , - , , , TLS. DECO prover (-), verifier () web-server ( ).





DECO , (prover) D (verifier), D TLS- S. , TLS TLS- , (provenance difficulty).



DECO KEnc KMac. Q -, R , KMac, TLS . DECO , «» KMac (prover), . KMac prover verifier — KpMac KvMac. KMac KpMac ⊕ KvMac = KMac.



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, Chainlink, , Ethereum, Bitcoin Hyperledger, : . , Chainlink , , ( ). , . .



Chainlink PoC DECO , Mixicles. Forbes, , Chainlink DECO Cornell University.







, Town Crier:



  1. Rogue smart-contact code injection on TEE nodes.

    : TEE -, , , , () - . private key, /.

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  2. Contract state ciphertext changes leak.

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  3. Side-channel attacks.

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    • t1: , ( ). cache line keybit. , keybit = 0 X cache line 2. , X, , , .
    • t2: , — , . . keybit, .




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Spectre Foreshadow (L1TF), Prime and Probe. - . Spectre-v2, .



DECO, :



  1. Prover Integrity: prover server server . server prover.
  2. Verifier Integrity: verifier prover .
  3. : verifier (, ).


DECO , . , verifier fresh nonce. , verifier (IP-). , verifier server . Proxy.





Town Crier , DECO . : , , .



Town Crier DECO
(0.6s to finish) (10.50s to finish the protocol)
hardware , TLS


: DECO , LAN 0.37 , 2PC-HMAC (0,13 ). DECO TLS, . IC3: LAN 10,50 . , Town Crier 0,6 , 20 , DECO. , TC .



: Intel SGX (side-channel attacks) -. DECO , , proxy . DECO .



: , Intel SGX DECO. TC .



: Town Crier , TEE. , Intel SGX Intel Core 6- . DECO , DECO TEE. DECO , hardware TC, DECO .





, , Town Crier DECO . DECO , , , , . TC DECO, , side-channel attack . , DECO 2020 , , . Town Crier 4 , .




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